Configuring App with Schemes

I want to add some controls where the app installed like testflight, app store or via Xcode. I wish to separate the versions with configuration. The answer is schemes.

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URL Parsing

You’ve probably heard this popular question…

The internet is so present in our days, we use it so often that we do not realize many of the things that happen behind something as common as visiting a website.

One thinks that it is something as simple as typing the web address of the site we want to enter, pressing <enter> and boom, we have the content in front of our eyes, but it is not as simple as that.Being a Full-Stack Software Engineer means you’re comfortable interacting with any layer of the stack.

It would be a harm to go further without defining essential key concepts to our topic: server, network protocol, client, http/https, DNS, firewall, proxy, TLS/SSL, TCP/UDP…

A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network.

— HTTP —

— HTTPS —

— DNS —

Domain name system (DNS) is the system that is used to translate human-memorable domain names like namecheap.com and hostnames like support.namecheap.com into the corresponding numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses as well as to identify and locate computer systems and resources on the Internet.

— TLS / SSL —

. Proxy

. Load Balancing

DEEPDIVE

Ok enough with the terminology and lets take a closer look at what actually happens when the enter key is pressed…

We are going to walk through 8 defined steps which are detailed as follow:

1- URL Parsing

2- DNS Lookup

3- TCP / IP

4- SSL

5- HTTPS

6- Load Balancer

7- Firewall

8- Host Server

9- Page rendering

A DNS lookup, in a general sense, is the process by which a DNS record is returned from a DNS server. This is like looking up a phone number in a phone book — that is why it is referred to as a “lookup”. Interconnected computers, servers and smart phones need to know how to translate the email addresses and domain names people use into meaningful numerical addresses. A DNS lookup performs this function.

So, what exactly happened after I hit the Enter key?

When two computers want to send data to each other over TCP, they first need to establish a connection using a three-way handshake.

When a packet of data is sent over TCP, the recipient must always acknowledge what they received.

Either computer can close the connection when they no longer want to send or receive data.

TCP connections can detect lost packets using a timeout.

TCP connections can detect out of order packets by using the sequence and acknowledgement numbers.

SSL works by ensuring that any data transferred between users and websites, or between two systems, remains impossible to read. It uses encryption algorithms to scramble data in transit, which prevents hackers from reading it as it is sent over the connection. This data includes potentially sensitive information such as names, addresses, credit card numbers, or other financial details.

The process works like this:

HTTPS requires a TLS certificate to be installed on your server. You can apply certificates to different protocols, like HTTP (web), SMTP (email) and FTP. An SSL or TLS certificate works by storing your randomly generated keys (public and private) in your server. The public key is verified with the client and the private key used in the decryption process.

HTTP is just a protocol, but when paired with TLS or transport layer security it becomes encrypted.

When your browser connects to an HTTPS server, the server will answer with its certificate. The browser checks if the certificate is valid:

If one of these conditions is not met, the user is informed about the problem.

When HTTP is used, a series of handshakes takes place.

The initial request is sent to the server for a verification. When the server responds that it is the desired server the client then sends a hello message.

At this point the communication becomes encrypted.

Is to exchange encryption keys or ciphers.

At this point the reader communication can proceed. The initial handshakes steps take place in a matter of milliseconds.

Firewall in load balancing configuration are sandwiched between Server Load Balancing systems. Traffic from the Internet is directed to one firewall within a group of firewalls. Traffic from the organization’s internet work is distributed in a similar fashion.

A hosting server is generic term for a type of server that hosts or houses websites and/or related data, applications and services. It is a remotely accessible Internet server with complete Web server functionality and resources.

A hosting server is also known as a Web hosting server.

Delivery of a web page works as follows:

The initial status line of this response message includes a status code indicating the success of the handled request. Upon successful retrieval and delivery of the web page, the host server signals 200. Other common status codes include 301 (page redirection) and 404 (page not found).

In the response header, the host server states information about the delivered page such as its type (HTML, in our case) and size.

Finally, in the response message body, the host server delivers the actual, entire HTML code itself. This is what the browser has been looking for since the start! Now it shows off, utilizing its HTML and CSS engines to parse the code, break it down into its Document Object Model, and render the page. Any JavaScript scripts written in the file are run. When its all said and done, Firefox displays a beauty, a joy, a realization of our dream — the google website home page.

Configuring App with Schemes

URL Parsing

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